Investigations

Independence is a property of information flow and incentives, not of process count. Multi-agent systems often share models, prompts, and training—correlation in disguise.

Symbolic structure and branching control flow are two faces of the same computational coin. Seeing algebra as a tree of cases clarifies both classical algorithms and modern learning systems.

Novelty is not a single property. Distinguishing combinatorial surprise from conceptual invention changes what we can fairly claim about generative models.

Software ate many workflows; cells and reagents do not compile. Physical contingency, tacit skill, and open-ended protocols set hard limits on end-to-end automation.

Obfuscation, packing, and anti-tamper raise the cost of analysis. They do not create cryptographic confidentiality of logic on a machine the adversary runs.